Sharaxaada badeecada
ASTM A213 Fasalka T11 waa chromium ferritic ah -molybdenum (Cr{3}}Mo) tuubo loo isticmaalo uumiga kulul iyo qiiqa- deegaanka gaaska. Darajada waxaa loo qaabeeyey cadaadiska{6}} qaybaha xanbaarsan ee kuleyliyaha korontada, HRSG-yada, kuleyliyaha batroolka iyo kuleyliyaha sare{7}}halkaas oo birta kaarboonka aysan xajin karin caabbinta oksaydhka ama xoog gurguurta.
Octal Pipe waxay sahayda T11 sida caadiga ah -iyo{2}}xaalad xamaasad leh, oo leh kontorool cabbir, tijaabin buuxda ilaa ASTM A213/A1016 iyo shahaadooyinka wax-shiidka, si ay toos ugu gasho kuleyliyaha iyo farsamaynta samaynta

Halabuurka kiimikada
| Curiyaha | Waxa ku jira (%) | Shaqada |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.05 – 0.15 | Waxay siisaa xoog iyo iska caabin gurguurta, waxay joogtaa alxanka |
| Mn | 0.30 – 0.60 | Ductility, shaqayn kulul |
| Si | 0.50 – 1.00 | Waxay taageertaa iska caabbinta oksaydhka |
| P | In ka yar ama la mid ah 0.025 | Waxay xaddidaysaa qallafsanaanta |
| S | In ka yar ama la mid ah 0.025 | Lagu xakameeyo adkaanta |
| Cr | 1.00 – 1.50 | Iska caabbinta uumiga / gaasta qiiqa |
| Mo | 0.44 – 0.65 | Xoog gurguurta oo dillaaca |
Isku-dheelitirka chromium-molybdenum wuu ka hooseeyaa T22 ama wax kale ka sareeya{1}Cr darajooyinka, taas oo ah sababta T11 u foorarsato oo u alxankato si ka sahlan, laakiin wali waxay ku badbaadaysaa adeega 500-600.
Guryaha makaanikada
| Hanti | Shuruudaha | Ujeedo |
|---|---|---|
| Xoog xajin | Ka weyn ama la mid ah 415 MPa (60 ksi) | Awoodda culeyska guud |
| Awood wax-soo-saarka (0.2%) | Ka weyn ama la mid ah 205 MPa (30 ksi) | Waxay ka hortagtaa qallafsanaanta joogtada ah |
| Dheeraynta | Ka weyn ama la mid ah 30% | Loo baahan yahay foorarsiga, duubista, alxanka |
| Adag | In ka yar ama la mid ah 163 HBW | Waxay ilaalisaa adkaanta baaskiil wadida kulaylka |
Qiimayaashani waxay u dhigmaan -iyo{1}} xaalada gaarsiinta dabci leh ee mashaariicda tamarta iyo sifaynta inta badan sheegaan.
Wax soo saarka iyo daaweynta kulaylka
Adeegga tuubbada kululeeyaha dariiqa ayaa muhiim u ah sida kimisteriga. Octal Pipe waxay isticmaashaa waddo aan toos ahayn oo hoos timaada ASTM A213/A1016:
- Aloy billet waa kulushahay-waa la tolay ama la saaray si uu u sameeyo sanqadh godan
- tuubbadu way kulul tahay{0}oo duuban ama qabow{1}}oo lagu sawiray OD la dalbaday, gidaarka iyo dhammaystirka dusha sare (muhiim u ah kulaylka{2}}tubooyinka beddelka)
- Tuubbadu waa caadi ilaa 940-980 digrii si loo nadiifiyo matrixka ferritic-ga, meesha looga saaro xargaha oo loo simo sifooyinka farsamada ee dhererka.
- tuubada waxaa lagu kululeeyay ilaa 675-755 digrii si loo soo celiyo ductility oo ay xirto kala firidhsan karbides meel.
Wareegga N + T waa waxa siinaya T11 qaab-dhismeedkeeda xasilloon: chromium wuxuu dhisi karaa filim oksaydh ah oo adag, molybdenum waxay qaban kartaa shaqadeeda xoojinta gurguurta, tuubbaduna aad uma adkaanayso alxanka. Daawaynta kulaylka ka dib, tuubooyinka waa la toosiyaa, hydrostatically la tijaabiyaa, oo lagu baadhaa habka NDE la dalbado (eddy{3}} hadda ama ultrasonic) ka hor inta aan calaamadin iyo xirxirin. Tallaabo kasta waa la duubaa si tuubada dib loogu raad raaco kulaylka.
Baaxadda cabbirka
| Halbeegga | Range / faahfaahinta |
|---|---|
| Dhexroor ka baxsan | 12.7 - 127 mm (0.5 - 5 in) |
| Dhumucda gidaarka | 1.2 - 12 mm |
| Dhererka | Ilaa 12 m; SRL / DRL / jar -ilaa -dhererka |
| Dhammaadka dhamaadka | Cad, la xiiray, ama loo diyaariyey U{0}} laablaabashada/finning |
| Dulqaadka OD | sida caadiga ah ± 1% ( halkii ASTM A1016) |
| Dulqaadka gidaarka | sida caadiga ah ± 10% |
| toosan | Caadi ahaan in ka yar ama la mid ah 0.8 mm/m |
Tani waxay dabooshaa tuubooyinka kuleyliyaha caadiga ah, gariiradaha kululeeyaha/kuleyliyaha, iyo gariiradaha kuleyliyaha sifeynta.
Waxqabadka adeegga
Hawlgalka T11 waxa ay samaysaa chromium labis ah{1}}osaydh qani ah, sidaa awgeed birta luminta iyo dhisidda miisaanku{2}} kor ayaa uga gaabiya marka loo eego birta kaarboon. Molybdenum waxay yaraysaa gurguurta iyo dillaaca, taas oo muhiim u ah tuubooyinka ku fadhiya heerkulka iyo cadaadiska kumanaan saacadood. Sababtoo ah qaab-dhismeedku waa ferrite, tuubbadu waxay u dulqaadanaysaa bilawga-joojinta wareegyada HRSG-yada iyo dhirta isku-dhafka iyada oo aan si dhakhso ah u lumin toosnaanta. Welds ayaa ilaalinaya daacadnimada PWHT kadib marka la isticmaalo biraha buuxinta daawaha hoose{6}
Codsiyada
- gidaarka biyaha kululeeyaha, kuleyliyaha sare, kuleyliyaha iyo tuubooyinka dhaqaalaha ee dhirta kuleylka
- HRSG/lagu daray {{0}kumbuyutarada uumiga
- kuleyliyeyaasha habka batroolka iyo sifeynta
- Heerkul sare -Qofka heerkulka{1}iyo{2}}
- Utility kulul iyo habsocodka khadadka tamarta iyo unugyada kiimikada gudaha
Kormeerka iyo dukumentiyada
Imtixaanka waxaa loo sameeyaa si waafaqsan ASTM A213 iyo guud ahaan shuruudaha A1016. Taas waxaa ku jira hydrostatic ama qallafsanaan-imtixaanka hadda jira ee dhawaqa gidaarka, tijaabooyinka adkaysiga iyo adkaanta kulaylkiiba{4}}daawaynta badan, fidsan/dhalaaca si loo caddeeyo ductility, iyo kormeer muuqaal iyo muuqaal ah. Mashaariicda leh QA/QC sare, Pipe Octal waxay ku dari kartaa hubinta ultrasonic ama shucaaca. Dhammaan tuubooyinka waxaa la keenaa EN 10204 3.1 ama 3.2 MTCs si mulkiiluhu uu u fayl gareeyo natiijooyinka kiimikaad, makaanikada iyo NDE lambarka kulaylka.
Waa maxay sababta ASTM A213 T11 ka soo xigatay Octal Pipe
- Dhabta Cr{0}}Tuubyada mootooyinka ee caadiga ah-iyo{2}}xaalad kulul, ma aha oo kaliya kaarboonka guud{3}}tubo bir ah
- cabbirrada, imtixaannada iyo calaamadaynta ku habboon awoodda, kuleyliyaha, HRSG iyo qeexida sifeynta
- dhoofinta - xidhmooyin diyaarsan oo leh ilaalin dhamaadka dheer{1}} shixnadaha masaafo
- Taageerada injineernimada si ay ugu dhigmaan T11 oo la xidhiidha Cr{1}Mo darajooyin (T22, A335 P11/P22) marka isla cutubku isticmaalo dhawr alloys
- qaab dhismeedka bogga alaabta qoran -horta iyo farsamo ahaan gaar ah, si aad uga caawiso goobtaada cusub in loo tilmaamo bogga alaab-qeybiyaha, ma aha nuxurka qoraalka
FAQ

Q1: Waa maxay tubbada ASTM A213 T11 loo isticmaalo?
Q2: Waa maxay macnaha "1.25Cr-0.5Mo" ee tuubooyinka T11?
Q3: ASME SA213 T11 ma la mid tahay ASTM A213 T11?
Q4: Goorma ayaan dooran karaa T11 halkii aan ka dooran lahaa tubbada T22?
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